Title:

Three surveys on nutritional status of primary and secondary school in poverty-stricken counties of Shanxi

作者：

白彩琴¹, 卞伟², 杨杰¹

白彩琴¹，卞伟²，杨杰¹

Author(s):

BAI Cai-qin*, BIAN Wei, YANG Jie

BAI Cai-qin*, BIAN Wei, YANG Jie

单位:

1. 山西大学商务学院，山西 太原 030031；
2. 山西医科大学，山西 太原 030031

Unit:

*Business College of Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030031, China

关键词:

贫困地区; 营养状况; 膳食状况; 农村中小学生

贫困地区；营养状况；膳食状况；农村中小学生

Keywords:

Poverty-stricken counties; Nutrition situation; Diet situation; Primary and secondary school students in rural schools

分类号:

R153

文献标识码:

A

摘要:

目的 了解山西省贫困地区农村中小学生近15年学生营养膳食状况的变化情况。方法 采用t检验和卡方检验对2003年、2013年和2016年3次调查的山西省贫困地区中小学生的膳食和营养状况的结果进行比较分析。结果 山西省贫困地区中小学生营养状况2003年和2016年差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）；生长迟缓和消瘦率分别由2.3%和17.6%降低到1.4%和15.5%（χ２ = 6.168，P＜0.05），差异有统计学意义；学生日均各类食物供应量3次调查比较，粮谷类从2003年平均占推荐量的114%减少到2016年的91.5%，仍然以粮谷类为主，占推荐量的80%以上；蔬菜类只占推荐量36.6%；蛋肉类有所增加，但主要集中在学生营养改善计划的午餐，其余两餐仍不足，三餐仍然不平衡，且零食行为严重。结论 学生营养改善计划使贫困地区的孩子们受益，尤其是体现在学校食堂供餐模式的学生的营养午餐的膳食营养状况极大改善和企业供餐学生的零食相对优化。但是学生的生长迟缓情况依然存在；还有部分农村学生回家的两餐几乎没有肉蛋奶，缺乏优质蛋白质，贫困地区农村学校的学生尤为突出。

Abstract:

Objective To evaluate the rural primary and middle school students in the poor areas of Shanxi province in the past fifteen years, the nutritional and dietary status of students’ changes. Methods The results of dietary and nutritional status of primary and secondary school students in poverty-stricken areas of Shanxi Province surveyed in 2003, 2013 and 2016 were compared and analyzed by using t-test and Chi-square test. Results The nutritional status of primary and secondary school students in poor areas of Shanxi was not significantly different between 2003 and 2016(p>0.05). The rates of growth retardation and emaciation decreased from 2.3% and 17.6% to 1.4% and 15.5%, respectively, χ２=6.168, p<0.05, with statistical significance. The average daily supply of all kinds of food for students was investigated three times. Compared with the average of 114% of the recommended amount in 2003, cereal decreased to 91.5% in 2016. Cereals still dominated, accounting for more than 80% of the recommended amount. Vegetables were only 36.6% of the recommended amount. Eggs and meat have increased, but they are mainly concentrated in the lunch of the student nutrition improvement plan. The other two meals are still insufficient, the three meals are still unbalanced, and the snack behavior is serious. Conclusion The student nutrition improvement program has benefited children in poor areas, especially the nutritional status of students' nutritious lunches in school canteens and the relative optimization of snacks for enterprise students. However, students' growth retardation still exists. There are also some rural students who intake at home almost no meat, eggs or milk and lack high-quality protein, especially in poor rural schools.

参考文献
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备注/Memo:

基金项目：山西省软科学研究基金项目(No.031031-1)；山西大学商务学院重大问题专项研究(ZD-2018019)
作者简介：白彩琴（1973 - ），女，硕士，副教授，研究方向：运动营养学与体育保健学的教学与科研